This page gathers the 733 dictionary entries belonging to the domain “Genetics”, as labelled by Wiktionary. Each word leads to its full entry: definitions, etymology, pronunciation, examples. Page 2 of 8: from “cheilognathopalatoschisis” to “dysploidy”.
- cheilognathopalatoschisis noun A congenital craniofacial defect in which the lip, upper jaw, and palate do not fully fuse during fetal development, resulting in a cleft…
- chemotaxonomy noun The classification or taxonomy of organisms based on differences and similarities in biochemistry, especially on differences in amino acid…
- chiasma noun The contact point between the two chromatids of a chromosome during meiosis.
- chiasmatic adj Relating to or characterized by a chiasma (the contact point between the two chromatids of a chromosome during meiosis).
- chimera noun An organism with genetically distinct cells originating from two or more zygotes.
- chimeric adj Pertaining to a genetic chimera.
- chimerical adj Resulting from the expression of two or more genes that originally coded for separate proteins.
- chromatid noun After DNA replication, either of the two connected double-helix strands of a metaphase chromosome that separate during mitosis.
- chromo adj Of or relating to the chromodomain, a protein structural domain associated with chromatin production
- chromodomain noun A sequence of amino acids, common to the protein of many species, that is responsible for the manipulation of chromatin.
- chromomere noun Any of a group of beadlike granules of chromatin that constitutes a chromosome during cell division.
- chromosome noun A linear arrangement of condensed DNA and associated proteins (such as chaperone proteins) which contains the genetic material (genome) of…
- chronogram noun A phylogenetic tree that has branch spans proportional to evolutionary time.
- clade noun A higher level grouping of a genetic haplogroup.
- cloverleaf model noun A model that depicts the molecular structure of tRNA, showing how its chain consists of two "business ends" and three arms.
- coactivation noun A process wherein RNA transcription is increased by a coactivator protein.
- coadapted adj Describing a genetic adaptation that is the result of beneficial interactions between the organisms of a community.
- code verb To encode a protein.
- codominance noun A condition in which both alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed, with neither one being dominant or recessive to the…
- codominant adj Describing two or more alleles that are equally dominant.
- collectrin noun The gene that codes for this protein.
- collinearity noun The relationship between the linear sequence of codons in DNA and that of amino acids in the protein so coded
- comma noun A delimiting marker between items in a genetic sequence.
- commaless adj Being a code of a kind that encodes a sequence of items without delimiting markers between them.
- compensatory adj That compensates for a deleterious mutation
- complement noun A nucleotide sequence in which each base is replaced by the complementary base of the given sequence: adenine (A) by thymine (T) or uracil…
- complementary adj Of the specific pairings of the bases in DNA and RNA.
- complementary DNA noun DNA produced from a single-stranded RNA template in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
- complementation noun The interaction between two genetic units such that an organism can function normally if either one is defective
- concatenation tree noun A phylogenetic tree constructed from concatenated alignments.
- concordance noun The probability that a pair of individuals will both have a certain characteristic (phenotypic trait) given that one of the pair has the…
- congenic adj (of different strains of an organism) That are genetically identical except for a variation in a limited genetic region or locus
- congression noun The movement of chromosomes to the spindle equator during mitosis
- consomic adj inbred and with one of its chromosomes replaced by the homologous chromosome of another inbred strain via a series of marker-assisted…
- construct noun A segment of nucleic acid, created artificially, for transplantation into a target cell or tissue.
- contig noun A set of overlapping DNA segments, derived from a single source of genetic material, from which the complete sequence may be deduced.
- contrasuppressor adj That inhibits the function of a suppressor.
- copy noun The result of gene or chromosomal duplication.
- copy number noun The number of copies of a gene or plasmid within a cell's genome.
- copy number polymorphism noun The normal variation in the number of copies (normally two) of a gene, or of sequences of DNA, in the genome of a specific individual
- copy number variation noun The variation of the number of copies (normally two) of a gene, or of sequences of DNA, in the genome of a specific individual; has been…
- copy-number variant noun A DNA sequence, 1000 nucleotides (or synonymously base pairs) in length or longer, that is present a variable number of times as copies in…
- corepression noun The action of a corepressor
- corepressor noun Any substance that reacts with a genetic repressor in order to activate it and decrease gene expression
- cosegregation noun The transmission of two or more linked genes on a chromosome to the same daughter cell leading to the inheritance by the offspring of these…
- cosmid noun A type of plasmid (often used as a cloning vector) constructed by the insertion of cos sequences, which are DNA sequences of the lambda…
- cosuppression noun RNA interference.
- cotransfer noun The transfer of linked genes.
- cotranslation noun The process by which multiple ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule into multiple copies of the same protein.
- countergradient adj Describing the differences between genetic and environmental variation
- coverage noun The average number of reads representing a given nucleotide in the reconstructed sequence.
- CRISPR noun The CRISPR/Cas9 system, which functions to provide immunity to bacteria and archaea by finding a section of DNA and replacing it with an…
- crosshybridization noun hybridization between nucleic acids that have different sequences, and are typically derived from orthologous or paralogous genes
- crossover noun The result of the exchange of genetic material during meiosis.
- cruciform noun A cross shape in DNA; a Holliday junction.
- cryptomorphic adj Having a cryptic structure in which the ultimate active product is carried by the precursorial protein rather than the protein actually…
- cybrid noun An artificial hybrid cell produced by introducing nuclear material from one organism into a cell (of the same or different species) from…
- cytoband noun Any of a pattern of bands, formed on chromosomes of cells undergoing metaphase, that serve to identify particular chromosomes
- cytogenetics noun The branch of genetics that studies the relationships between the structure and number of chromosomes as seen in isolated cells and…
- cytotype noun An individual of a species that has a different chromosomal factor to another (e.g. haploid versus diploid).
- decapped adj Describing nucleic acid molecules from which a cap has been removed
- dedoubling noun The removal of segmental duplication in genomes
- deimination noun The removal or conversion of an imine group; especially the post-translational modification of the amino acid arginine in a protein into…
- deleterious adj Having lower fitness.
- deletion noun A mutation in which a gene, or other section of DNA, is removed from a chromosome.
- delivery noun Process of introducing foreign DNA into host cells.
- deoxyribonucleic acid noun A nucleic acid found in all living things (and some non-living things such as certain viruses) which consists of two polynucleotide chains…
- derepress verb To activate a gene by the removal of a repressor
- derepression noun The inactivation of a repressor gene.
- determinant noun Something that causes a nuclease to cut at a specified point
- diallel adj Involving crosses between several or all possible combinations.
- dicentric adj (of a chromosome) Having two centromeres (an aberration)
- dihaploid adj Having two identical copies of each chromosome as a result of chromosome doubling
- diplochromosome noun A chromosome, containing four chromatids, produced by two rounds of DNA replication without normal chromosome separation
- diploid adj Of a cell, having a pair of each type of chromosome, one of the pair being derived from the ovum and the other from the spermatozoon. Most…
- diploidy noun The state of being diploid, having two sets of chromosomes.
- diploinsufficiency noun The state of a diploid organism having only a single copy of a particular gene, the other copy being inactivated due to mutation
- directional selection noun An incidence of natural selection where species survive by evolving new characters or modifying old characters.
- discordance noun The presence of a specific genetic trait in only one of a set of clones (or identical twins).
- discordant adj Of two similar subjects, especially twins: differing in some characteristic.
- diseasome noun All the disorders and diseases of an organism, viewed as a whole, with special reference to genetic features
- dispersive model noun A model of DNA replication in which two new DNA molecules are produced containing regions of either both original, or both new, strands.
- ditelosomic adj Having a segment missing from two chromosomes
- DNA noun Initialism of deoxyribonucleic acid (“a nucleic acid found in all living things (and some non-living things such as certain viruses) which…
- DNA ladder noun A reagent consisting of a solution of DNA of specified length; used in gel electrophoresis as a standard.
- DNA sequence noun The string of base pairs (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) which, when arranged in triplets to form codons, create a DNA string…
- dodecaploid adj Having twelve complete sets of chromosomes in a single cell.
- dominance noun of an allele, the degree to which it expresses its phenotype when heterozygous, such as whether it is dominant or recessive.
- dominant noun Of an allele, that a heterozygote for the allele has the same phenotype as the homozygote.
- dosage compensation noun The process by which organisms equalize the expression of genes between members of different biological sexes
- double-cross verb Of breeding, to cross twice in hybridization, as (A × B) × (C × D); for example, in commercial hybrid seed corn, A through D are…
- double-stranded adj That have two helical strands of nucleic acid that wind around each other and are connected by hydrogen bonds.
- downregulation noun The process, in the regulation of gene expression, in which the number, or activity of receptors decreases in order to decrease sensitivity
- druggable adj Describing the potential of a biological molecule (for example, a protein) to be targeted by drugs, especially by small molecule drugs…
- duplication noun The act of copying a nucleotide sequence from one chromosome to another.
- dysgenesic adj Of, pertaining to, or causing dysgenesis.
- dysgenetics noun A theory linking the induction of persistent delayed genomic instability with disturbed cellular aging.
- dysgenic adj Of or relating to, or causing degeneration or deterioration in offspring.
- dysploid adj Relating to or exhibiting dysploidy.
- dysploidy noun Variation in the chromosome number in a population by less than a whole set of chromosomes, typically because of chromosomal rearrangements.