This page gathers the 733 dictionary entries belonging to the domain “Genetics”, as labelled by Wiktionary. Each word leads to its full entry: definitions, etymology, pronunciation, examples. Page 1 of 8: from “-on” to “central dogma”.
- -on suffix Forming names of things considered as basic or fundamental units.
- -zygous suffix Having a specified state of allele pairs in the nucleus.
- 3′ end noun A nucleic acid strand which terminates at the hydroxyl (-OH) chemical group attached to the third carbon in the sugar ring.
- 5′ end noun A nucleic acid strand which terminates at the chemical group attached to the fifth carbon in the sugar ring.
- a symbol allele (recessive)
- abasic adj Missing a nucleotide base.
- achaete noun A proneural gene, often associated with scute, that is required for the formation of many larval and adult sense organs
- acrocentric adj (of a chromosome) Having the centromere very near to one end, and thus having a long arm, and a very short arm.
- acrocephalopolysyndactyly noun A group of inherited congenital disorders characterized by premature fusion of the cranial sutures, resulting in an abnormal skull shape…
- acrocephalosyndactylia noun A group of inherited congenital disorders characterized by the premature fusion of cranial sutures resulting in an abnormal, often pointed…
- additive adj Of or pertaining to genes (or the interaction etc. of such genes) which govern the same trait and whose effects work together on the…
- adenine noun A base, C₅H₅N₅, found in certain glands and tissues, which pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA.
- adenylate verb To carry out or induce an adenylation reaction.
- aDNA noun Any DNA sample recovered from biological samples not intended for DNA use, including historical and archeological samples.
- adrenoleukodystrophy noun A rare genetic disorder where the body can’t break down certain fatty acids, causing them to build up and damage the brain’s white matter…
- adventitious adj Not congenital; acquired.
- agmatoploidy noun The fragmentation of one or more chromosomes (particularly all chromosomes), leading to an increased chromosome number but no additional…
- allele noun One of a number of alternative forms of the same gene occupying a given position, or locus, on a chromosome.
- allelotype noun The frequency distribution of a set of alleles in a population.
- allo- prefix Hybridization of multiple species.
- alloantigen noun Any antigen, present in only some individuals of a species, that stimulates the production of antibodies in those that lack it; an…
- allodiploid adj Having two complete sets of chromosomes derived from two different species
- allododecaploid adj Having twelve sets of chromosomes, six from each parent
- allogeneic adj Genetically different because of being derived from separate individuals of the same species.
- allogenic adj Alternative form of allogeneic: genetically distinct, but of the same species; nonself but intraspecies.
- allogenous adj Synonym of allogeneic.
- allogroup noun A group of allotypes.
- allohaploid adj Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes derived from two different species
- allohexaploid adj Having six complete sets of chromosomes derived from two different species
- allooctoploid adj Having eight sets of chromosomes, four from each parent
- allopolyploid adj Having multiple complete sets of chromosomes derived from different species
- allopolyploidy noun A form of polyploidy (having more than the usual number of chromosomes) that results from the interbreeding of different species.
- allotetraploid adj Having four sets of chromosomes derived from different species
- allotopic adj Relating to expression from the nuclear genome of genes that normally are expressed only from the mitochondrial genome.
- allotriploid adj Having three sets of chromosomes derived from different species
- allozygous adj Being a genotype of a kind where two alleles at a locus come from completely different sources, as in most normal, random mating.
- alphoid adj Describing repetitive tandem sequences of DNA in the human centromere
- alternative RNA splicing noun A process by which the exons of the RNA produced by transcription of a gene (a primary gene transcript or pre-mRNA) are reconnected in…
- amber noun The stop codon (nucleotide triplet) "UAG", or a mutant which has this stop codon at a premature place in its DNA sequence.
- amorph noun a null mutation.
- amorphic adj Causing a complete loss of gene function.
- amphidiploid adj Having a diploid set of chromosomes from each of its parents
- amphiploid adj Having at least one diploid set of chromosomes from each parent species.
- amphitriploid adj Having a triploid set of chromosomes from each of its parents
- amplification noun The using of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for isolating and exponentially amplifying a fragment or sequence of DNA.
- aneuploid adj Having a number of chromosomes that is not a multiple of the haploid number.
- aneuploidy noun The condition of being aneuploid; the state of possessing a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number of the…
- aneupolyploid adj Having a mutation in a few chromosomes of a genome
- anlage noun An allele, a specific version of a gene (as used by Gregor Mendel).
- anneal verb To make a double-stranded nucleic acid by pairing a single strand with a complementary strand.
- annotation noun Information relating to the genetic structure of sequences of bases.
- anticodon noun A sequence of three nucleotides in transfer RNA that binds to the complementary triplet (codon) in messenger RNA to specify an amino acid…
- antimotif noun A pattern, in a nucleotide or amino-acid sequence, that appears less often than chance would predict and is conjectured to have biological…
- antirepair adj Inhibiting the repair of damaged DNA.
- antirepeat adj that prevents the formation of repeats
- antisense noun The strand of nucleic acid complementary to a strand which codes for an RNA or protein.
- antisense therapy noun A treatment approach that uses synthetic short strands of DNA or RNA known as antisense oligonucleotides to specifically bind to the…
- aptamer noun Any subsequence of nucleic acid, selected from a large random sequence-pool, used to bind to a specific target molecule.
- arm noun One of the two parts of a chromosome.
- assortative mating noun Between males and females of a species, the mutual attraction or selection, for reproductive purposes, of individuals with similar…
- autarchic adj Not inhibited by neighbouring genetic material
- autodiploid adj diploid as a result of duplication of a haploid set of chromosomes
- autoploid adj Describing a cell (or individual) that has multiple copies of a set of haploid chromosomes from a single parent
- autopolyploid adj Having more than two sets of chromosomes, derived from the same species, as a result of redoubling
- autotetraploid adj tetraploid because of the doubling of an ancestral chromosome
- autotriploid adj triploid as a result of multiplication of a haploid set of chromosomes
- autozygous adj Being a genotype of a kind where two alleles at a locus originate from a common ancestor by way of nonrandom mating (inbreeding).
- B chromosome noun A supernumerary or accessory chromosome, one that is not essential for the life of a species and does not occur in all individuals.
- back-translation noun The translation of an amino acid sequence into genetic code.
- backcross verb To cross a hybrid with one of its parents.
- backcrossing noun The crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent.
- backtranslated adj produced by backtranslation
- barcode noun A portion of a gene that identifies a particular species.
- base-pair breathing noun The transient, lateral opening of a base pair in a nucleic acid molecule as a result of thermal motion or the presence of a defect
- basecall noun The assignment of a base to a chromatogram peak
- basigin noun A gene that codes for the basigin (BSG) protein.
- bicoid noun A gene, in Drosophila and related flies, that specifies which end of an egg will be the anterior and become the fly's head by setting up a…
- bicongenic adj congenic in two different ways
- binary clone noun A composite organism created from the combination of DNA from two separate genetic sources, rather than one. Essentially, a binary clone is…
- binning noun The process of grouping reads or contigs and assigning them to operational taxonomic units.
- biocontainment noun The modification of an organism's genetic material in order to restrict its ability to reproduce outside of a laboratory.
- biohacking noun The practice of deliberately modifying, editing, or manipulating biological molecules, especially DNA and RNA, sometimes with the potential…
- biolistics noun The introduction of DNA into a plant or animal cell by coating it onto the surface of a pellet and firing it into the tissue at high…
- biotype noun A group of organisms having the same specific genotype
- biscistronic adj Of or pertaining to a bicistron
- bivalent noun Any bivalent chromosome.
- blood test noun An analysis of blood performed on two subjects to determine whether they are biologically related, such as a paternity test.
- box noun One of two specific regions in a promoter.
- bp noun Initialism of base pair.
- C-value paradox noun The observation that the C-value of an organism is not dependent on its complexity (presumed number of genes)
- cag noun The nucleobase coding triplet cytosine (C), adenine (A), guanine (G).
- canalisation noun The ability of a genotype to produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment.
- candidate noun A gene which may play a role in a given disease.
- carrier noun A person or other organism that has a genetic trait, mutation or infection liable to cause a disease, but displays no symptoms.
- carrier screening noun clinical genetic testing of prospective parents aimed at detecting genetic mutations which could effect their children
- cassette noun A modular DNA sequence encoding one or more genes for a single biochemical function.
- catabolome noun The complete set of catabolites found in a biological sample; especially that found in a person's body under normal conditions, and when…
- cell line noun A biological tissue or group of individual cells that are genetically identical as a result of dividing mitotically from a single…
- cenome noun All the control genes of an organism
- central dogma noun The principle that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.