without

adv, prep, conj — 7 senses

without

adv

UK /wɪðˈaʊt/ · US /wɪθˈaʊt/

Etymology From Middle English withoute, withouten, from Old English wiþūtan (literally “against the outside of”). By surface analysis, with- + out. Compare Dutch buiten (“outside of, without”), Danish uden (“without”), Swedish utan (“without”), Norwegian uten (“without”). Superseded non-native Middle English sauns, sans (“without”), from Old French sans, sanz, senz (“without”). Compare typologically Proto-Slavic *bez (“without”) (<+ Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs (“out”)).

1

Archaic, Literary Outside, externally.

  • And as each and all of them were warmed without by the sun, so each had a private little sun for her soul to bask in; some dream, some affection, some hobby, at least some remote and distant hope which, though perhaps starving to nothing, still lived on, as hopes will.1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, volume 1, London: James R. Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., page 18:
  • Strange silence here: without, the sounding street Heralds the world's swift passage to the fire1900, Ernest Dowson, Benedictio Domini, lines 13–14:
3 more examples
  • I knew that someone had entered the house cautiously from without.1904, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Golden Pince-Nez, Norton, published 2005, page 1100:
  • The feeling seemed to come not from without, but from within each body, as though every person had become a vibrating string.2016, Liu Cixin, translated by Ken Liu, Death's End, Tor, translation of 死神永生, →ISBN, page 236:
  • Brainiac: This earthquake is quite literally worldwide. Alex Danvers: But the seismic activity [isn't] coming from within the planet, it's coming from without.2019 December 8, Supergirl (TV series), season 5, episode 8, "Crisis on Infinite Earths"
2

Lacking something; failing.

  • Being from a large, poor family, he learned to live without.
  • We've run out of bread; you'll have to do without until I can get to the bakeshop.
2 more examples
  • Whose can be used with a following noun or without.
  • Communication is a kind of beauty, he said – and “beauty manifests itself from the noun itself, without strawberries on the cake.”2019 September 24, Jessie Yeung, “Pope Francis loves nouns but is ‘allergic’ to adjectives”, in CNN, archived from the original on 27 Sep 2019:
3

Lifestyle, Prostitution, Sexuality Euphemistic Without a condom being worn.

  • “What's within reason?” “Hand-job, blow-job, full sex — straight, full service. Greek, maybe, if you're not too big. Golden shower, if you like, but not reverse. No hardsports. And absolutely nothing without.”2012, Maxim Jakubowski, The Best British Crime Omnibus:
Derived terms
Calne Without, Chippenham Without, Clifton Without, do without, go without, Llanidloes Without, make it do or do without, Melksham Without, Millom Without, Minehead Without, St Cuthbert Without, Wellington Without

without

prep

Etymology From Middle English withoute, withouten, from Old English wiþūtan (literally “against the outside of”). By surface analysis, with- + out. Compare Dutch buiten (“outside of, without”), Danish uden (“without”), Swedish utan (“without”), Norwegian uten (“without”). Superseded non-native Middle English sauns, sans (“without”), from Old French sans, sanz, senz (“without”). Compare typologically Proto-Slavic *bez (“without”) (<+ Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs (“out”)).

1

Archaic, Literary Outside of, beyond.

  • MACBETH: There's blood upon your face. FIRST MURDERER: 'Tis Banquo's then. MACBETH: 'Tis better thee without than he within.c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:
  • Without the gate / Some drive the cars, and some the coursers rein.1697, Virgil, “The Seventh Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
4 more examples
  • From thence we came without the Eaſtern gate, (ſtanding on a low Banke, called the daughter of Syon, that over-toppeth the valley of Iehoſaphat,) unto an immoveable ſtone, upon the which they ſaid St. Stephen was ſtoned to death, the firſt Martyr of the Chriſtian faith; and the faithfull fore-runner of many noble followers.1640, William Lithgow, “The Sixt Part”, in The Totall Diſcourſe, Of the rare Adventures, and painefull Peregrinations of long nineteene yeares Travailes from Scotland, to the moſt famous Kingdomes in Europe, Aſia, and Affrica […], London: I. Okes, page 249:
  • Eternity, before the world and after, is without our reach.c. 1689, Thomas Burnet, The Sacred Theory of the Earth:
  • […] though it was pitch-dark, and we were obliged to be escorted by grooms and groomlings with candles and lanterns; a very necessary precaution, as the winds blew not more violently without the house than within.1835, William Beckford, Italy: With Sketches of Spain and Portugal, volume 1, page 13:
  • [...] nor shall any slave holder be allowed to emancipate his or her slave or slaves without the consent of congress, unless he or she shall send his or her slave or slaves without the limits of the republic [of Texas].1838 [1836], “Constitution of the Republic of Texas”, in Laws of the Republic of Texas, in Two Volumes, volume 1, Houston, archived from the original on 08 Jun 2021, Provisions, page 19:
2

Not having, containing, characteristic of, etc.

  • It was a mistake to leave my house without a coat.
  • I was without formal education but was well read and articulate.
4 more examples
  • From another point of view, it was a place without a soul. The well-to-do had hearts of stone; the rich were brutally bumptious; the Press, the Municipality, all the public men, were ridiculously, vaingloriously self-satisfied.1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
  • One day my dreams were surely dying, dying, dying baby Just like a flower without rain1968 December 8, Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy, Stevie Wonder, “I’d Be a Fool Right Now”, in For Once in My Life, performed by Stevie Wonder, Tamla Records:
  • 1967, Paul McCartney (writer), The Beatles, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band Life goes on within you and without you.
  • Even without hovering drones, a lurking assassin, a thumping score and a denouement, the real-life story of Edward Snowden, a rogue spy on the run, could be straight out of the cinema.2013 June 29, “Travels and travails”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 55:
3

Not doing or not having done something.

  • He likes to eat everything without sharing.
  • He shot without warning anyone.
3 more examples
  • Without noticing it I grew old.
  • But in the meantime Robin Hood and his band lived quietly in Sherwood Forest, without showing their faces abroad, for Robin knew that it would not be wise for him to be seen in the neighborhood of Nottingham, those in authority being very wroth with him.1883, Howard Pyle, chapter V, in The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood […], New York, N.Y.: […] Charles Scribner’s Sons […], →OCLC:
  • Athelstan Arundel walked home[…], foaming and raging. […] He walked the whole way, walking through crowds, and under the noses of dray-horses, carriage-horses, and cart-horses, without taking the least notice of them.1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 16:
Synonyms
lacking, outwith, with no, -less, w/o, sans, -free, minus, devoid of, excluding, excusing, neglecting, void of, without
Antonyms
within, with, having, characteristic of, endowed with, including
Derived terms
92 termsabsence without leave, absent without leave, a prophet is not without honor save in his own country, a woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle, can't live with them and can't live without them, cold without, decimal without a zero, distinction without a difference, do without, face without makeup, fly without a licence, go without, go without saying, handle without gloves, handle without mittens, it goes without saying, let he who is without sin cast the first stone, let him that is without sin cast the first stone, let him who is without sin cast the first stone, Life without Death, make bricks without clay, make bricks without straw, make bricks without straws, make off without payment, making off without payment, may the Force be without you, minister without portfolio, no gain without pain, no rose without a thorn, no show without Punch, no smoke without fire, nothing about us without us, rebel without a cause, rebel without a clue, reckon without, reckon without one's host, syndrome without a name, there's no smoke without fire, times without number, up a creek without a paddle, up the creek without a paddle, up shit creek without a paddle, up shit's creek without a paddle, without accident, without a doubt, without a hitch, without a murmur, without a prayer, without a scratch, without a shadow of a doubt, without a trace, without trace, without a word of a lie, without batting an eye, without batting an eyelash, without batting an eyelid, without biscuits, without blinking an eye, without blinking an eyelash, without blinking an eyelid, without book, without cause, without cease, without ceremony, without coffee, without day, without-door, withoutdoors, without doubt, without end, without exception, without fail, without fear or favor, without fear or favour, without further ado, without incident, without loss of generality, withoutness, without number, without prejudice, without price, without question, without recourse, without so much as a by your leave, without tea and biscuits, without tears, without troubling the scorers, without welt or guard, Wokingham Without, world without end, you can't make an omelette without breaking eggs, zeal without knowledge is a runaway horse
Hypernyms
exemption

without

conj

Etymology From Middle English withoute, withouten, from Old English wiþūtan (literally “against the outside of”). By surface analysis, with- + out. Compare Dutch buiten (“outside of, without”), Danish uden (“without”), Swedish utan (“without”), Norwegian uten (“without”). Superseded non-native Middle English sauns, sans (“without”), from Old French sans, sanz, senz (“without”). Compare typologically Proto-Slavic *bez (“without”) (<+ Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs (“out”)).

1

Archaic, Dialectal Unless, except (introducing a clause).

  • You don't know about me, without you have read a book by the name of "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer," but that ain't no matter.1884 December 10, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter I, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: (Tom Sawyer’s Comrade) […], London: Chatto & Windus, […], →OCLC, page 1:
  • ‘Why,’ he blurted, ‘because they say I've no right to come up like this—without we mean to marry—’1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:

Entry derived from the Wiktionary, under licence CC BY-SA 4.0 — list of authors.