This page gathers the 10,116 dictionary entries belonging to the domain “Chemistry”, as labelled by Wiktionary. Each word leads to its full entry: definitions, etymology, pronunciation, examples. Page 21 of 101: from “chromic acid” to “co-agonist”.
- chromic acid noun A corrosive acid, H₂CrO₄, known only in solution or as its salts, the chromates (from which it may be prepared); it is a very powerful…
- chromite noun A dark brown mineral species with the formula FeCr₂O₄.
- chromo- prefix chromium
- chromocene noun An organometallic sandwich compound bis(cyclopentadienyl)- chromium(II) that is the chromium analog of ferrocene
- chromodomain noun A sequence of amino acids, common to the protein of many species, that is responsible for the manipulation of chromatin.
- chromogen noun Any substance that lacks colour, but can be converted into a pigment or dye.
- chromophore noun that part of the molecule of a dye responsible for its colour
- chromophoric adj Of or relating to a chromophore
- chromphyllite noun A monoclinic-prismatic emerald green mineral containing aluminum, barium, chromium, fluorine, hydrogen, oxygen, potassium, and silicon.
- chronopotentiometry noun A form of electroanalysis in which the rate of change of potential at an electrode is measured at constant current
- chrysamine noun Any of a group of quinoid derivatives of a phenylhydrazine (typically…
- chrysaniline noun A yellow substance obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of rosaniline, once used to dye silk a golden-yellow colour.
- chrysanthemic acid noun The cyclopropane carboxylic acid 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid that is the basis of several…
- chrysanthemin noun An anthocyanin, the 3-glucoside of cyanidin, found in various plants and fruits including peaches and lychees.
- chrysarobin noun A bitter yellow substance forming the essential constituent of Goa powder. It yields chrysophanic acid, and has been used to treat skin…
- chrysin noun The flavone 5,7-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one, isolated from the passionflower (Passiflora caerulea), sometimes used as an aromatase…
- chrysoberyl noun A vitreous mineral, often pale green, a mixed oxide of aluminium and beryllium with the chemical formula BeAl₂O₄, used as a gemstone.
- chrysocolla noun A vitreous silicate mineral that is a minor ore of copper, with the chemical formula (Cu²⁺,Al)₂H₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O.
- chrysogine noun A yellow pigment, "2-(α-hydroxyethyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone", produced by the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum
- chrysophane noun A glucoside extracted from rhubarb as a bitter, yellow, crystalline powder, yielding chrysophanic acid on decomposition.
- chrysophenine noun The azo dye disodium;5-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)diazenyl]-2-[(E)-2-[4-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)diazenyl]-2-sulfonatophenyl]ethenyl]benzenesulfonate
- chrysotile noun A fibrous silicate mineral with the chemical formula Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄; a form of serpentine asbestos.
- churchite noun A hydrated cerium/calcium phosphate.
- chylify verb To make chyle of.
- chymopapain noun A proteolytic enzyme isolated from the latex of papaya and used to treat herniated lower lumbar discs in the spine.
- chymotrypsin noun An endopeptidase enzyme that cleaves peptides at the carboxyl side of tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine amino acids.
- chyometer noun An instrument for measuring the specific gravity of liquids, consisting of a tube with a piston inside.
- cibarian noun The glycoside [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(3-nitropropanoyloxy)oxan-2-yl]methyl 3-nitropropanoate
- ciceritol noun A particular cyclitol, a pinitol digalactoside that can be isolated from the seeds of the chickpea, lentil, and white lupin.
- cichoric acid noun A hydroxycinnamic acid of the phenylpropanoid class that stimulates phagocytosis and inhibits the function of hyaluronidase and HIV-1…
- cicloxilic acid noun The carboxylic acid cis-2-hydroxy-2-phenylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid that is used to combat liver damage
- cilastatin noun A dehydropeptidase inhibitor that is used in association with certain antibiotics to prevent them being inactivated
- cincholoipon noun The carboxylic acid 2-[(3R,4S)-3-ethylpiperidin-4-yl]acetic acid formed by the oxidation of cinchonine
- cinchophen noun An analgesic drug used to treat gout in animals (and, until the 1930s, in humans, when it was found to cause liver damage).
- cinnamaldehyde noun The aromatic aldehyde C₆H₅-CH=CH-CHO that is responsible for the aroma of cinnamon; any derivative of this compound
- cinnamic adj Of or pertaining to cinnamic acid or its derivatives
- cinobufagin noun A cardiotoxic bufanolide steroid secreted by the Asiatic toad Bufo gargarizans, having similar effects to digitalis and used in traditional…
- cipolin noun A white-green wavy-banded form of marble, used in buildings in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. It consists of coloured veins of epidote…
- ciprianiite noun A monoclinic-prismatic pale brown mineral containing aluminum, beryllium, boron, calcium, fluorine, hydrogen, iron, lanthanum, cerium…
- circuit topology noun The arrangement of intermolecular contacts of a folded linear polymer.
- circulatory noun A vessel with two portions unequally exposed to heat, and with connecting pipes or passages, through which the fluid rises from the…
- circumarene noun Any polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of a central arene ring that is completely surrounded by other fused aromatic rings.
- circumcircumcircumcoronene noun A large, planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of a coronene core surrounded by three additional concentric layers of fused…
- circumcircumcoronene noun A very large, flat hydrocarbon made of many fused benzene rings arranged in a hexagonal “graphene-like” pattern. It’s essentially a…
- circumcoronene noun An aromatic hexagonal flat sheet molecule composed of fused benzene rings, 3 benzene rings to a side, 19 rings to a sheet. An outer ring of…
- circumnaphthalene noun One of the two products that is yielded from circumscribing naphthalene and pyrene, the other being circumpyrene.
- circumpyrene noun One of the two products that is yielded from circumscribing naphthalene and pyrene, the other being circumnaphthalene.
- cis adj In (or constituting, forming, or describing) a double bond in which the greater radical on both ends is on the same side of the bond.
- cis- prefix Forms names of chemical compounds in which two atoms or groups are situated on the same side of some plane of symmetry passing through the…
- cis-trans isomerism noun A form of isomerism in which, in one isomer two atoms or groups are on the same side of the plane of a double bond or ring, whereas in the…
- cisoid adj Describing a synperiplanar spatial arrangement of two conjugated double bonds about the intervening single bond; s-cis.
- citraconic acid noun one of the isomeric dicarboxylic acids produced by the distillation of citric acid, or as metabolites by microorganisms…
- citrate noun Any salt or ester of citric acid.
- citric acid noun A colourless crystalline compound, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, C₆H₈O₇, found in citrus fruit; it is used as a food additive…
- citronetin noun A compound, specifically a mycotoxin and polyketide metabolite produced by certain fungi, such as Penicillium citrinum.
- citrullination noun The posttranslational modification of the amino acid arginine in a protein into the amino acid citrulline.
- civetone noun The unsaturated macrocyclic ketone 1-cycloheptadec-9-enone that is a pheromone produced by the civet cat, and is used to add a musky tone…
- cladinose noun A deoxy sugar, (4R,5S,6S)-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyl-tetrahydropyran-2,5-diol, that is a component of some antibiotics
- cladofulvin noun The anthraquinone dimer derivative 1,7,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl-2-(4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl)anthracene-9,10-dione
- cladosporin noun The isocoumarin (3R)-6,8-dihydroxy-3-[[(2R,6S)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]methyl]-3,4-dihydroisochromen-1-one
- Claisen condensation noun A carbon–carbon bond-forming reaction that occurs between two esters or one ester and another carbonyl compound in the presence of a strong…
- Claisen rearrangement noun A powerful carbon–carbon bond-forming chemical reaction, in which the heating of an allyl vinyl ether initiates a [3,3]-sigmatropic…
- clamp stand noun An item of laboratory equipment which consists of a metal pole with a solid, firm base, used to hold, or clamp, laboratory glassware and…
- clarificant noun Any substance for clarifying a liquid
- clarkeite noun A uranium oxide mineral of variable composition and uncertain structure, its colour varying from dark brown to orange.
- clathrate noun A clathrate compound.
- clathrate compound noun a substance consisting of molecules of one element or compound contained within the cage-like structure of another
- clathrin noun A fibrous protein that forms a polyhedral coat on the surface of the coated pits and vesicles of cells during endocytosis.
- clavam noun A molecule similar to a penam, but with an oxygen atom substituted for sulfur, such as clavulanic acid.
- clavellated ashes noun A kind of potash (probably in reference to its having been obtained from billets of wood by burning).
- clavulanic acid noun A beta-lactam compound C₈H₉NO₅ produced by the bacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus that is a beta-lactamase inhibitor and is usually used…
- clearance time noun The amount of time before a foreign substance in the air has dissipated.
- clearcreekite noun A monoclinic-prismatic pale greenish yellow mineral containing carbon, hydrogen, mercury, and oxygen.
- cleavage noun The splitting of a large molecule into smaller ones.
- cleave verb To break a single crystal (such as a gemstone or semiconductor wafer) along one of its more symmetrical crystallographic planes (often by…
- Clemmensen reduction noun An organic reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone carbonyl group is reduced to a methylene with zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid.
- clerodane noun The diterpene (1S,2R,4aS,5S,8aS)-1,2,4a,5-tetramethyl-1-(3-methylpentyl)decahydronaphthalene whose skeleton is the basis of many natural…
- click chemistry noun A philosophy of chemistry in which substances are generated quickly and reliably by joining small modular units together, as in nature.
- clinal adj Describing a torsion angle between 30° and 150°
- clino-ferro-ferri-holmquistite noun A rare lithium–iron amphibole in the holmquistite group with a monoclinic (clinopyroxene-like) structure. It forms in high-grade…
- clinochrysotile noun A soft, fibrous silicate mineral in the serpentine group of phyllosilicates, also called "white asbestos".
- clinodiagonal noun That diagonal or lateral axis in a monoclinic crystal which makes an oblique angle with the vertical axis.
- clinoholmquistite noun A monoclinic-prismatic mineral containing aluminum, calcium, fluorine, hydrogen, iron, lithium, magnesium, manganese, oxygen, potassium…
- clinokurchatovite noun A monoclinic-prismatic light gray mineral containing boron, calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, and oxygen.
- clinophosinaite noun A monoclinic-prismatic light violet mineral containing calcium, oxygen, phosphorus, silicon, sodium, and strontium.
- clinopinacoid noun The plane in monoclinic crystals that is parallel to the vertical and the inclined lateral (clinodiagonal) axes.
- clinozoisite noun A basic calcium aluminosilicate found in crystalline schists, a metamorphic product of calcium feldspar.
- clintonite noun A calcium magnesium aluminium phyllosilicate mineral of the margarite group of micas.
- clobenpropit noun A histamine H₃ antagonist that has neuroprotective effects via stimulation of GABA release in the brain. Chemical symbol: C₁₄H₁₇ClN₄S.
- clodronate noun The conjugate base, or any salt or ester, of clodronic acid.
- clonazepam noun A benzodiazepine with potent anticonvulsant used especially in the treatment of epilepsy and other seizure disorders; C₁₅H₁₀ClN₃O₃. It is…
- closed system noun A physical system whose interaction with its environment is limited to particular types of transfer, so that certain quantities are…
- cloud point noun The temperature at which one component of a mixture of liquids begins to solidify (or a mixture of liquids starts to become immiscible) on…
- clovamide noun The polyphenol derivative of rosmarinic acid (2S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-[[(Z)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]amino]propanoic acid…
- clovene noun The tricyclic sesquiterpene (1S,5S,8S)-4,4,8-trimethyltricyclo[6.3.1.0^(1,5)]dodec-2-ene present in clove oil
- cluster noun An ensemble of bound atoms (especially of a metal) or molecules, intermediate in size between a molecule and a bulk solid.
- cnidicin noun A coumarin, 4,9-bis[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)oxy]-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one, extracted from the root of Angelica koreana
- cnidilin noun A coumarin, 9-methoxy-4-[(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)oxy]-7H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one, that is a bioactive constituent of Angelicae…
- co- prefix Referring to coenzymes.
- co-agonist noun A drug or other chemical that can combine with a receptor on a cell to produce a physiologic reaction typical of a naturally occurring…