Etymology First use appears in the US c. 1857 in the publication Godey's Lady's Book. Named after the polka dance, which was popular at the time (1840–1890). Numerous composites were formed posteriorly, but those names have not endured.
1
Any of a number of uniform round dots, repeated to make a regular geometric pattern on a fabric.
…these have entirely disappeared, and we see them with the old time white polka dot, always pretty clean and neat looking.1871, Godey’s magazine, volumes 86-87, page 389:
Etymology First use appears in the US c. 1857 in the publication Godey's Lady's Book. Named after the polka dance, which was popular at the time (1840–1890). Numerous composites were formed posteriorly, but those names have not endured.