Etymology From Middle English emperour, from Anglo-Norman emperour, from Latin imperātorem, derived from imperō (“to command”). Doublet of imperator. Displaced earlier Old English casere, from Latin Caesar.
In imperial China, it was often a responsibility of the emperor to evaluate his predecessor after the latter's death.
They asked Julius Caesar, the valiant Roman emperor, what was the best death. He answered, that which is unexpected, which comes suddenly and unforeseen1885, John Ormsby, transl., Don Quixote, Miguel de Cervantes, Volume 2 Chapter XXIV:
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Any monarch ruling an empire, irrespective of gender, with "empress" contrasting to mean the consort of an emperor.
In 690 Wu usurped the throne and became Emperor herself, which proved a unique event in the history of China.1994, Het Spinhuis, Transactions: Essays in Honor of Jeremy F. Boissevain:
After his death in 683 she ruled for seven years as regent and then, deposing her son, became emperor herself, the only woman in Chinese history to hold the title.2002, The Heritage of World Civilizations: To 1700, page 226:
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Empress, imperial regent, and even emperor herself (r. 797–802), Irene was an important and powerful figure at the Byzantine court in the late eighth and early ninth century.2008, Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation, page 211:
Originally the wife of the emperor, she engineered the imperial succession so that she could serve first as regent to a boy emperor and then as emperor herself.2013, Voyages in World History, page 213:
Where is Sindbad? I have a summons for him direct from the galactic emperor herself. He is to be brought here immediately to give an explanation for his recent actions.2016, Commander Pakydus, Sindbad & the 7 Galaxies:
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Specifically, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire; the world-monarch.
Political theory
The Investiture Controversy was a conflict between the Emperor and the Pope.
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Human sciences, Mysticism, Philosophy, Sciences, Tarot The fourth trump or major arcana card of the tarot deck.
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A large, relatively valuable marble in children's games.
But marbles are not only used to play games: they are also traded. In this market, the value of the different kinds of marbles (oilies, emperors, etc.) is determined by local supply and demand and not by the price of the marbles […]2001, Paul Webley, The economic psychology of everyday life, page 39:
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Any fish of the family Lethrinidae.
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Biology, Entomology, Natural sciences Any of various butterflies of the subfamily Charaxinae.
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Biology, Entomology, Natural sciences Any of various large dragonflies of the cosmopolitan genus Anax.
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An emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri).
We do not know if the emperors are monogamous. I know some of the penguins species mate for life.2008, Gloria Clifford, Emperor Penguins: The Lords of Antarctica:
During pairing, mates walk an average of only 90 m per day, and, while incubating, male emperors move an average of 30 m per day.2012, Lloyd S. Davis, John T. Darby, Penguin Biology, page 273:
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If they were emperors, I wanted a better view. Being told they were emperors was no good; I needed to see them. But as quickly as we had spotted them, they spotted us. Sliding on their bellies, two emperors began to rush over.2019, Lindsay McCrae, My Penguin Year: Living with the Emperors:
As military attaché to the British Embassy in Berlin he enjoyed the esteem of Emperors William and Frederick.1902, The Outlook, page 701:
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Alternative Alternative form of emperor (emperor penguin).
Certainly LH levels rise in female Emperors during the brooding (guard) phase of chick rearing and decrease significantly in females that have lost their chicks, suggesting that there is a link between brooding behaviour and elevated LH levels.2010, Lloyd Spencer Davis, Martin Renner, Penguins, page 128:
Most Emperor breeding failures are actually caused by their fellow penguins: either a mate's careless transfer of the egg, or when a disgruntled neighbor's aggressive action slides or breaks the egg.2011, David Salomon, Penguin-Pedia, page 29:
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There are Seventeen kinds of penguin, but the Emperor is the only one that breeds in Antarctica in midwinter.2014, Martin Jenkins, The Emperor's Egg, page 3:
Nevertheless the Emperors were unsettled owing, there can be no doubt, to the knowledge that bad weather was impending.2016, Apsley Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World: Antarctic 1910-1913: