This page gathers the 3,177 dictionary entries belonging to the domain “Physics”, as labelled by Wiktionary. Each word leads to its full entry: definitions, etymology, pronunciation, examples. Page 10 of 32: from “emitter-coupled logic” to “field emission microscopy”.
- emitter-coupled logic noun A logic family that achieves high speed by using an overdriven BJT differential amplifier with single-ended input.
- eMMC noun An embedded (“integrated, non-removable”) MMC (“MultiMediaCard”). An electronic memory module designed to be integrated into devices…
- enable verb To put a circuit element into action by supplying a suitable input pulse.
- encraty noun Specific heat capacity divided by temperature.
- energetics noun The field of study focused on the flow and transformation of energy.
- energy noun A quantity that denotes the ability to do work and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance²/time² (ML²/T²) or the equivalent.
- energy level noun Any of the discrete stable energies that a quantum mechanical system (such as the electrons of an atom) can have.
- energy payback time noun The amount of time required for a renewable energy system to generate the same amount of energy that was used to produce the system itself.
- energy transfer noun The conversion of one form of energy into another, or the movement of energy from one place to another.
- enrich verb To increase the amount of one isotope in a mixture of isotopes, especially in a nuclear fuel.
- ensemble noun A probability distribution for the state of the system.
- entanglement noun Ellipsis of quantum entanglement.
- enthalpimetric adj Describing any of several forms of calorimetric analysis in which the enthalpy change during a reaction is measured
- enthalpimetry noun Any of several forms of calorimetric analysis in which the enthalpy change during a reaction is measured.
- enthalpogram noun A graph of enthalpy or temperature versus time during a reaction; especially one used in enthalpimetry.
- entransy noun Half the product of internal thermal energy and temperature. For a given temperature difference, maximization of the entransy dissipation…
- entropic doom noun The result of the second law of thermodynamics in which the entropy of the universe steadily increases until thermal equilibrium is…
- entropy noun A measure of the amount of energy in a physical system that cannot be used to do work.
- envelope noun A curve that bounds another curve or set of curves, as the modulation envelope of an amplitude-modulated carrier wave in electronics.
- envelope detector noun An electronic circuit that takes a relatively high-frequency amplitude modulated signal as input and provides as output the demodulated…
- Eötvös effect noun The change in measured Earth's gravity caused by the change in centrifugal acceleration resulting from eastbound or westbound velocity.
- epicadmium noun Used attributively to describe kinetic energies above that at which cadmium has a large neutron cross section
- episcopic adj Describing an optical device in which light is reflected by (rather than traversing) the object being observed
- epithermal adj Describing neutrons of kinetic energy greater than that of thermal motion
- equalizer noun An electronic audio device for altering the frequencies of sound recordings.
- equation of motion noun An equation that describes the behavior of a physical system in terms of its motion as a function of time.
- equilibrium noun The state of a body at rest or in uniform motion in which the resultant of all forces on it is zero.
- ergodic adj Of or relating to certain systems that, given enough time, will eventually return to a previously experienced state.
- ergon noun Work, measured in terms of the quantity of heat to which it is equivalent.
- ergosphere noun A region outside the event horizon of a rotating black hole in which space and time are distorted by shear forces.
- ergotropic adj Relating to ergotropy
- ergotropy noun The maximum amount of work that can be obtained from a quantum system
- essential prime implicant noun A prime implicant on a Karnaugh map which "covers" at least one 1 which is not covered by any other prime implicant.
- eta noun A kind of electrically neutral meson having zero spin and isospin.
- etendue noun A conserved property of the light in an optical system which characterizes how "spread out" the light is in terms of angle and area: it is…
- ether noun Often as aether and more fully as luminiferous aether: The hypothetical substance permeating space, functioning as a medium for…
- Ettingshausen effect noun A thermoelectric or thermomagnetic phenomenon that affects the electric current in a conductor when a magnetic field is present. When…
- euatmotic adj Describing the isothermal, reversible interaction of two solid phases to produce a vapour phase when heated
- evanescent adj Of an oscillating electric or magnetic field: not propagating as an electromagnetic wave but having its energy spatially concentrated in…
- evaporative cooling noun The cooling of a liquid due to the removal of the faster-moving molecules by evaporation from its surface
- event noun A point in spacetime having three spatial coordinates and one temporal coordinate.
- exceptional space noun A space in which a generalization of quantum mechanics is described in terms of a system with a finite number of degrees of freedom
- exciplex noun Any complex or heteronuclear molecule existing in an excited state, that is dissociated in the ground state.
- excitable adj Able to be promoted to an excited state.
- excitation noun A transition of a nucleus, atom or molecule to an excited state by the absorption of a quantum of energy; the opposite of relaxation.
- excitation function noun The relationship between the energy of an electron and its ability to excite an atom to a particular excited state
- excite verb To cause an electron to move to a higher than normal state; to promote an electron to an outer level.
- excited adj Being in a state of higher energy.
- excited state noun any state of a particle or system of particles that has a higher energy than that of its ground state
- exhausted receiver noun A receiver, such as that used with an air pump, from which the air has been withdrawn; a vessel whose interior is a more or less complete…
- exhaustion noun The removal of all air from a vessel (the creation of a vacuum).
- exoergicity noun The difference in bond dissociation energies of a reaction, symbol ΔE₀, such that energy is released.
- exopassive adj Allowing exoelectron emission.
- exophobic adj Tending to discriminate against dissimilar items.
- exothermicity noun The quality or state of being exothermic.
- exotic noun Any exotic particle.
- exotic atom noun the equivalent of an atom in which either the nucleus, or an electron, is replaced by some other subatomic particle
- exotic hadron noun Any hadron not permitted by the quark model but allowed by the more general theory of quantum chromodynamics, including hybrid mesons…
- extension cord noun An electrical cord with a plug one end, and a single socket or a multi-port socket at the other end, used for powering one or more devices…
- extension reel noun An extension lead that rolls up, usually into the socket end, which in some cases has more than one socket on it (often 2 or 4).
- extensive adj Having a combined system entropy that equals the sum of the entropies of the independent systems.
- extraordinary optical transmission noun The transmission of light through metallic films perforated by nanohole arrays at optical frequencies
- eye pattern noun An oscilloscope display of a data signal passed through a transmission line, clocked synchronously to the data symbols; used to analyze the…
- Faddeev-Popov ghost noun An extraneous field introduced into gauge quantum field theories to maintain the consistency of the path integral formulation.
- fall time noun The amount of time taken for the amplitude of a pulse to decrease from a specified value to another specified value.
- false verb To incorrectly decode noise as if it were a valid signal.
- false vacuum noun A (hypothetical) metastable vacuum whose energy state is at a local minimum different from the global minimum; a vacuum that is relatively…
- familon noun A hypothetical Nambu–Goldstone boson arising from the spontaneous breaking of a global family symmetry that distinguishes between…
- Fano effect noun The polarization of the spin of electrons produced when alkali atoms absorb circularly polarized light; any of several similar quantum…
- faraday noun The quantity of electricity required to deposit or liberate 1 gram equivalent weight of a substance during electrolysis; approximately…
- Faraday rotation noun An interaction between a polarized electromagnetic pulse, such as a beam of light, and a magnetic field, in which the plane of polarization…
- Faraday tensor noun A second rank, four dimensional, antisymmetric tensor which may be expressed as a four-by-four array containing the components of the…
- faradic adj Of or pertaining to electricity, especially to electrical induction.
- faster-than-light adj Faster than the speed of light in a vacuum, the theoretical speed limit for travel within the universe.
- feed through noun A hermetically sealed connection between two volumes.
- feedback noun The part of an output signal that is looped back into the input to control or modify a system.
- feeder station noun A facility that takes power from the national grid and feeds it to overhead electrification lines on a railway.
- female-to-male adj That changes a female end (usually a socket) of a connection into a male one (with pins, usually a plug).
- femtolensing noun A form of gravitational lensing in which the magnification has a dependency upon the wavelength of the light being observed
- Fermi energy noun The highest energy of a particle that is part of a many-particle system of identical fermions in its ground state.
- Fermi problem noun Any estimation problem designed to teach dimensional analysis or the approximation of extreme scientific calculations: often a…
- Fermi surface noun An abstract boundary, of constant energy, useful for predicting the thermal, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of metals…
- fermion noun Any elementary or composite particle that has half-integer spin and thus obeys Fermi–Dirac statistics and the Pauli exclusion principle…
- ferrimagnetism noun a form of antiferromagnetism in which some magnetization remains below a critical temperature (the Néel temperature).
- ferroelastic adj Of, relating to, or exhibiting ferroelasticity
- ferroelasticity noun A phenomenon, analogous to ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity, in which spontaneous strain arises within a material
- ferroelectric adj of, or relating to the permanent electrical polarization of a crystalline dielectric in an electric field
- ferroelectric shutter noun A shutter consisting of a slab of ferroelectric crystal located between polarizers whose planes are at right angles
- ferroelectricity noun The electric polarization of a substance (spontaneous presence of a dipole moment) that is analogous to ferromagnetism
- ferrofluid noun A fluid, typically containing dispersed, nanoscale magnetic particles, designed to be magnetised such that its flow can be controlled by a…
- ferromagnet noun a ferromagnetic material
- ferromagnetism noun The phenomenon whereby certain substances can become permanent magnets when subjected to a magnetic field.
- fertile adj Not itself fissile, but able to be converted into a fissile material by irradiation in a reactor.
- Feshbach resonance noun The situation where two slow atoms collide and temporarily stick together, forming an unstable compound with a short lifetime. It is a…
- Feynman diagram noun A pictorial representation of the interactions of subatomic particles, showing their paths in space and time as lines, and their…
- field noun A physical phenomenon (such as force, potential or fluid velocity) that pervades a region; a mathematical model of such a phenomenon that…
- field coil noun An electromagnet, consisting of a coil of wire through which a current flows, used to generate a magnetic field in an electromagnetic…
- field emission noun The emission of electrons from a metal or semiconductor, under the influence of a strong electric field, by quantum tunnelling.
- field emission display noun a flat panel display technology that uses large-area field electron sources to provide electrons that strike coloured phosphors to produce…
- field emission microscopy noun a technique that uses field emission of electrons or positive ions from the needle-shaped tip of an emitter to produce a magnified image of…