This page gathers the 1,711 dictionary entries belonging to the domain “Biochemistry”, as labelled by Wiktionary. Each word leads to its full entry: definitions, etymology, pronunciation, examples. Page 7 of 17: from “ergotamine” to “ghrelin”.
- ergotamine noun An alkaloid, extracted from ergot, that causes constriction of blood vessels and has been used to treat migraine; it is related to lysergic…
- ergotoxine noun A mixture of alkaloids (ergocristine, ergocornine and ergocryptine) identified in ergot, formerly believed to be a single compound.
- erm noun Ellipsis of ERM protein family.
- erythroagglutinin noun A lectin, isolated from the red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), that is involved in red cell agglutination
- essential amino acid noun One of the nine naturally occurring amino acids that the human body cannot synthesize, and so must be provided by dietary protein.
- essential fatty acid noun any fatty acid required for human metabolism that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be present in the diet; originally designated…
- estradiol noun A natural estrogenic hormone that is a phenolic alcohol estra-1,3,5-triene-3,17-diol (C₁₈H₂₄O₂) secreted chiefly by the ovaries of all…
- estriol noun A relatively weak natural estrogenic hormone that is a glycol C₁₈H₂₄O₃ found in the body chiefly as a metabolite of estradiol, is the main…
- estrogenic adj Of, relating to, or acting like estrogen.
- estrone noun A natural estrogenic hormone that is a ketone C₁₈H₂₂O₂ found in the body chiefly as a metabolite of and less potent than estradiol, that is…
- ethanolaminephosphotransferase noun An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoethanolamine group to diacylglycerol, forming phosphatidylethanolamine, an important…
- ethionine noun A toxic and carcinogenic non-proteinogenic amino acid structurally related to methionine, with an ethyl group in place of the methyl group.
- ethosome noun A phospholipid nanovesicle used for dermal and transdermal delivery of drugs and other molecules that is characterized by high ethanol…
- evalose noun The deoxy sugar 6-deoxy-3-C-methyl-D-mannose, which is a constituent of the antibiotic evaminomycin.
- evernitrose noun The nitro sugar 2,3,6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-4-O-methyl-3-nitro-L-arabino-hexose that occurs as a component of the oligosaccharide antibiotic…
- exchange noun The transfer of substances or elements like gas, amino-acids, ions etc. sometimes through a surface like a membrane.
- exchanger noun An antiporter.
- excisionase noun A bacteriophage protein that regulates the assembly of the excisive intasome and inhibits viral integration
- excretin noun A non-nitrogenous crystalline substance, formerly thought to be present in small quantities in human feces.
- exocyst noun a eukaryotic protein complex with functions related to vesicle trafficking, leading to a role in exocytosis
- exonuclease noun Any of a group of enzymes which cleave single nucleotides from the end of a polynucleotide (DNA or RNA) chain.
- exopeptidase noun Any of a group of enzymes which catalyze the removal of a single amino acid from the end of a polypeptide chain
- exopolymer noun Any biopolymer, created by an organism, that has been transferred to its external environment, and thus is now located outside the organism
- exoribonuclease noun A ribonuclease that catalyzes the exonucleolytic cleavage of nucleotides from a ribonucleotide chain.
- expansin noun Any of a family of non-enzymatic proteins, found in plant cell walls, that have many functions related to growth
- express verb To translate messenger RNA into protein.
- extensin noun Any of a family of flexuous, rod-like, hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) of the plant cell wall.
- farnesoid adj Of or relating to farnesol or its derivatives, especially to the metabolically active farnesyl pyrophosphate
- farnesylpyrophosphate noun An intermediate in the HMG-CoA reductase pathway used by organisms in the biosynthesis of terpenes, terpenoids, and sterols.
- farnesyltranstransferase noun An enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate ⇌ diphosphate + geranylgeranyl…
- fasciculin noun Any of a family of toxins, from the venom of the green mamba Dendroaspis angusticeps, that cause severe fasciculations.
- fat noun Any of a series of genes and their equivalent proteins that are associated with cell proliferation.
- fate noun The products of a chemical reaction in their final form in the biosphere.
- fatty acid noun Any of a class of aliphatic carboxylic acids, of general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOH, that occur combined with glycerol as animal or vegetable oils…
- fbiC noun A gene found in Mycobacterium bovis that codes an enzyme involved in the production of coenzyme F₄₂₀-5.
- Fc receptor noun A protein found on the surface of certain immune and blood cells that binds to antibodies attached to infected cells or invading pathogens…
- fermentation noun Any of many anaerobic biochemical reactions in which an enzyme (or several enzymes produced by a microorganism) catalyses the conversion of…
- ferredoxin noun Any of a class of iron and sulfur-containing proteins, found in green plants, that function in electron transport and in photosynthesis.
- ferrichrome noun A cyclic hexapeptide siderophore produced by some fungi.
- ferritin noun Any of a family of iron-carrying globular protein complexes consisting of 24 protein subunits; the key protein of intracellular iron…
- ferrochelatase noun An enzyme, localized to the mitochondrion, that catalyses the terminal (eighth) step in the biosynthesis of heme, converting protoporphyrin…
- fetidin noun Any of a class of hemolytic and antibacterial glycoproteins present in the coelomic fluid of the earthworm Eisenia fetida
- fetoprotein noun Any of several antigens produced in a developing embryo, of which the most common is alpha-fetoprotein.
- Feulgen stain noun A histological stain used to identify chromosomal material or DNA in cell specimens, based on acid hydrolysis of DNA.
- fibrinolysin noun An enzyme derived from plasma of bovine origin, or extracted from cultures of certain bacteria, that attacks and inactivates fibrin.
- fibrinopeptide noun A polypeptide fragment, cleaved from fibrinogen by thrombin, that combines to form fibrin during blood-clotting
- fibrinoplastin noun An albuminous substance in the blood which, in combination with fibrinogen, forms fibrin. Now understood to be any of a certain group of…
- fibrocystin noun A large receptor-like protein, thought to be involved in the tubulogenesis and/or maintenance of duct-lumen architecture of epithelium.
- fibropellin noun Any of a family of proteins that assist in epidermal growth by the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and…
- fischerindole noun Any of several antimicrobial alkaloids, obtained from a blue-green alga of the genus Fischerella, having a structure similar to hapalindole.
- flavan noun Any of a class of benzopyran derivatives, found in plants, that use the 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene skeleton
- flavin noun Any of a class of tricyclic heterocyclic compounds derived from riboflavin; found especially as the adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
- flavoenzyme noun Any oxidoreductase that requires FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) as a prosthetic group that functions in electron transfers
- flavorubredoxin noun A flavoprotein that reduces nitric oxide (NO) to nitrous oxide (N₂O) under anaerobic conditions. It is an oxygen sensitive nitric oxide…
- flippase noun Any enzyme located in the membrane responsible for aiding the movement of phospholipid molecules between the two leaflets that compose a…
- fluorocitrate noun A fluoro- derivative of citrate that is a metabolite of fluoroacetate and is responsible for fluoroacetate poisoning
- fluorosequence noun A sequence of fluorophore-labelled amino acids in a protein
- fluorosugar noun Any compound in which one or more hydroxyl groups of a sugar have been replaced by atoms of fluorine
- folic acid noun A polycyclic heterocyclic carboxylic acid, one of the vitamin B complex, essential for cell growth and reproduction
- follicle stimulating hormone noun A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone, secreted in part of the pituitary gland, that stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in female…
- folliculin noun oestrone
- forkhead noun A sequence of amino acids that forms a motif, in FOX proteins, that binds to DNA.
- formamidase noun An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of formylkynurenine to kynurenine and formate during the metabolism of tryptophan
- formin noun Any of a group of proteins involved in the polymerization of actin which associate with the fast-growing barbed end of an actin filament
- formylglutathione noun The S-formyl derivative of glutathione that is an intermediate in the metabolism of methanol and formaldehyde
- formylpeptide noun Any of a group of small proteins, that have a formylated N-terminal methionine, that stimulate the motor and secretory activities of…
- forskolin noun A labdane diterpene produced by the plant Plectranthus barbatus or Coleus barbatus var. barbatus (syn. Coleus forskohlii), commonly used in…
- FRZB noun A protein functioning as an extracellular modulator of the Wnt signaling pathway by binding directly to Wnt ligands.
- fucoidanase noun An enzyme that catalyses the endohydrolysis of (1->2)-alpha-L-fucoside linkages in fucoidan without release of sulfate.
- fucomannan noun a polysaccharide component of the cell wall of fungi of the order Mucorales, released into the blood, urine, and body fluids during…
- fucose noun The aldohexose (3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-methyloxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol present in several glycans and mucopolysaccharides
- functional genomics noun A genomics branch that measures expression levels of RNAs and proteins to understand biological functions of a set of genes in cells.
- furcatin noun A natural product derived from Viburnum furcatum, with IUPAC name…
- fushi tarazu noun A Drosophila pair-rule gene that is responsible for the development of even-numbered (i.e. half of the) parasegments.
- fusion protein noun A protein formed by genetically fusing or combining a gene encoding a target protein of interest with a gene encoding a protein or portion…
- fusion tag noun A short peptide, protein domain, or entire protein that can be fused to a target protein of interest to create a fusion protein.
- G protein noun Any of a class of proteins, found in cell membranes, that pass signals between hormone receptors and effector enzymes.
- GABAergic noun Any drug or substance that interacts with the GABA system.
- gala-series noun A class of glycosphingolipids containing the sequence Galα(1,4)Galβ-Cer (galactose, galactose, ceramide).
- galactoglucomannan noun A polysaccharide composed of a glucose and mannose backbone with galactose units attached to the mannose units
- galactokinase noun An enzyme that facilitates the phosphorylation of α-D-galactose to galactose 1-phosphate at the expense of one molecule of ATP.
- galactomannan noun Any of a class of polysaccharides, found in many gums, having a backbone composed of mannose with galactose sidechains.
- galactonic acid noun A carboxylic acid, (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid formed by oxidation of galactose
- galactopyranosidase noun an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, nonreducing galactopyranose residues in glycosides, crucial for metabolic and…
- galactose noun A monosaccharide found, along with lactose, in dairy products, and is synthesized by the body where it is found associated with glycolipids…
- galactosyldiacylglycerol noun A glycerophospholipid that, along with sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, is an important component of membranes of chloroplasts and related…
- galactoxylomannan noun A complex polysaccharide, produced by the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, that produces immune paralysis in some animals…
- galacturonide noun Any of various compounds, similar to glucuronide but containing galactose residues; notably the pectins
- gamma globulin noun A class of proteins in the blood, identified by their position after serum protein electrophoresis. The most significant gamma globulins…
- gamma-aminobutyric acid noun An amino acid found in the nervous systems of vertebrates and acting as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Abbreviated as GABA.
- gapmer noun A chimeric, antisense oligonucleotide that contains a central block of deoxynucleotide monomers sufficiently long to induce ribonuclease…
- gasomediator noun Any small molecule, typically of a gas, that mediates a biochemical process. (typical examples are NO, CO, and H₂S)
- gastricsin noun An aspartic proteinase of the peptidase family A1 which is a digestive enzyme produced in the stomach and constitutes a major component of…
- gastrotropin noun A cytoplasmic, hydrophobic ligand-binding protein which stimulates gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion
- gate verb To open (a closed ion channel).
- genistein noun A pale yellow isoflavone derivative C₁₅H₁₀O₅ originally obtained from dyer's broom (Genista tinctoria) and also present as a glycoside in…
- genomescape noun The architectural "landscape" of a genome, typically represented by the occurrence of specific repeats
- gentamicin noun A broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic mixture, derived from an actinomycete (Micromonospora echinospora), extensively used as the…
- geranylate verb To introduce a geranyl group into a molecule
- ghrelin noun A peptide hormone, secreted in the stomach when empty, that increases appetite and secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland.