This page gathers the 93 dictionary entries belonging to the domain “Arithmetic”, as labelled by Wiktionary. Each word leads to its full entry: definitions, etymology, pronunciation, examples.
- addition noun The arithmetic operation of adding.
- anabelian adj Of or relating to anabelian geometry, a proposed theory describing the way the algebraic fundamental group G of an algebraic variety (or…
- anabelian geometry noun A theory which describes the way in which the algebraic fundamental group G of an algebraic variety (or some related geometric object) V…
- arithmetic adj Of a progression, mean, etc, computed solely using addition.
- arithmetic operation noun Any one of the four basic operations in arithmetic: addition, subtraction, multiplication or division; any one of said operations as…
- arithmetic operator noun Any of the four basic operators in arithmetic, namely addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
- base 2 adj Synonym of binary (“concerning numbers and calculations using the binary number system”).
- binary adj Concerning numbers and calculations using the binary number system.
- biquadrate verb To raise to the fourth power; to determine the result of multiplying by itself three times.
- borrow verb In a subtraction, to deduct (one) from a digit of the minuend and add ten to the following digit, in order that the subtraction of a larger…
- carry verb In an addition, to transfer the quantity in excess of what is countable in the units in a column to the column immediately to the left in…
- carry over verb To carry; to transfer an excess quantity to the next column of digits.
- cast out nines verb To apply a procedure for verifying whether an arithmetic operation is probably correct or certainly incorrect using modulo characteristics…
- cube verb To raise to the third power; to determine the result of multiplying by itself twice.
- decimal adj Concerning numbers expressed in decimal or mathematical calculations performed using decimal.
- decimal fraction noun A proper or improper fraction the denominator of which is a power of ten and the decimal representation of which is a terminating decimal…
- decimal point noun A decimal place.
- denominator noun The number or expression written below the line in a fraction (such as 2 in ½).
- divide verb To calculate the quotient number by which another one (the divisor) is multiplied to produce a second number (the dividend).
- dividend noun A number or expression that is to be divided by another.
- divisibility noun The property of being divisible by a particular integer.
- divisible adj Of an integer, that, when divided by another integer, results in another integer still, thus leaving no remainder.
- division noun The process of dividing a number by another.
- divisor noun In an expression involving division, the number by which another number is being divided.
- dozenal adj Of a number, expressed in base 12.
- draw verb To subject (a number) to an arithmetic operation.
- duodecimal adj Of a number, expressed in base twelve.
- Euclidean algorithm noun Specifically, a method, based on a division algorithm, for finding the greatest common divisor (gcd) of two given integers; any of certain…
- Euclidean division noun The process of dividing one integer by another to yield a quotient and a remainder smaller than the divisor.
- expand verb To multiply both the numerator and the denominator of a fraction by the same (non-zero) number (which yields a fraction of equal value).
- exponentiation noun The process of calculating a power by multiplying together a number of equal factors, where the exponent specifies the number of factors to…
- extract verb To determine (a root of a number).
- fellowship noun The proportional division of profit and loss among partners.
- fraction noun A ratio of two numbers (numerator and denominator), usually written one above the other and separated by a horizontal bar called the…
- fractional number noun A fraction, such as 1/2 or 3/5.
- Frobenioid noun A category with some extra structure that generalizes the theory of line bundles on models of finite extensions of global fields.
- greatest common divisor noun The largest positive integer (respectively polynomial, element of a given ring) that is a divisor of each of a given set of integers…
- hexadecimal noun A number system with base sixteen, using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E and F, most used in computing as a…
- hexatrigesimal noun A number system with base thirty-six, using the digits 0–9 and A–Z.
- hexavigesimal noun A number system with base twenty-six, using the digits 0–9 and A–P (or A-Z without numerals).
- indivisible adj Incapable of being divided by a specific integer without leaving a remainder.
- integer noun A number that is not a fraction; an element of the infinite and numerable set {..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}.
- irrational adj Of a real number, that cannot be written as the ratio of two integers.
- location arithmetic noun A device and technique described in Napier's treatise Rabdologiæ for performing multiplication, division and extraction of square roots by…
- multiplication noun The process of computing the sum of an addition with one and the same number a specified number of times (i.e. 4 times 5 = [0 +] 5 + 5 + 5…
- multiplication table noun A table showing the products of each of the integers from 1 to 10 (or, especially formerly, 12) with each of the integers from 1 to 10 (or…
- multiplier noun A number by which another (the multiplicand) is to be multiplied.
- multiply verb To perform multiplication on (a number).
- Napier's bones noun A set of numbered rods used for multiplication and division (see the Wikipedia article for a fuller explanation).
- numerator noun The number or expression written above the line in a fraction (such as 1 in ½).
- octal noun The number system that uses the eight digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
- octodecimal adj Using eighteen as the base.
- ordinal number noun A natural number used to denote position in a sequence.
- osculate verb To perform osculation.
- osculation noun The determination of whether a number is divisible by another by means of certain operations on its digits.
- osculator noun An algorithm for performing osculation.
- place value noun The value of a digit of numbers. For example, ones, tens, hundreds in the decimal counting; ones, sixes, thirty-sixes in the senary…
- plus noun A plus sign: +.
- plus sign noun The symbol + used to denote the operation of addition, to indicate that a number is positive, and so on.
- Polish notation noun A notation for arithmetic (and logical) formulae in which operations (respectively, quantifiers and operands) are written immediately…
- position noun A method of solving a problem by one or two suppositions; also called the rule of trial and error.
- product noun A quantity obtained by multiplication of two or more numbers.
- promptuary noun A device described in Napier's treatise Rabdologiæ, consisting of a large set of strips used to multiply multi-digit numbers more easily…
- proper fraction noun A vulgar fraction in which the magnitude of the numerator is less than or equal to that of the denominator, such as 2/3.
- quadravigesimal noun A number system with base twenty-four, using the digits 0–9 and A–N (or Greek α-ω without numerals).
- quinary adj To the base of five; represented by the numerals 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4.
- quotient noun The number (either a fraction or an integer) resulting from the division of one number by another.
- radical noun A root (of a number or quantity).
- radicate verb To extract the root of a number.
- radication noun The process of extracting a number's root.
- raise verb To exponentiate, to involute.
- ratio noun The relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient).
- rational adj Of a number, capable of being expressed as the ratio of two integers.
- reciprocal noun The number obtained by dividing 1 by another given number; the result of exchanging the numerator and the denominator of a fraction.
- root noun Of a number or expression, a number which, when raised to a specified power, yields the specified number or expression.
- root extraction noun The process or result of computing the nth root of a real or complex number.
- round down verb To round (a number) to the greatest integer that is not greater than it, or to some other lower value, especially a whole number of…
- round up verb To round (a number) to the smallest integer that is not less than it, or to some other greater value, especially a whole number of…
- senary noun The numeral system which uses six as the base.
- subtraction noun The process of subtracting a number from another.
- successor noun The integer, ordinal number or cardinal number immediately following another.
- surd noun An irrational number, especially one expressed using the √ symbol.
- ternary adj To the base three.
- tetrasexagesimal noun Of, related to, or based on the number sixty-four.
- tetration noun The arithmetic operator consisting of repeated exponentiation, by analogy with exponentiation being repeated multiplication and…
- times verb To multiply.
- to prep Used to indicate that the preceding term is to be raised to the power of the following value; indicates exponentiation.
- unit fraction noun A fraction whose numerator is 1 and whose denominator is a positive integer; for example, 1/2 or 1/7.
- unprimeable adj That cannot be turned into a prime number by changing just one of its digits to any other digit.
- vigesimal adj To the base twenty.
- vinculate verb To calculate a vinculum.
- vinculum noun Any symbol used to group some of the terms in an expression, indicating that that part of the calculation should be done before other…
- working noun The incidental or subsidiary calculations performed in solving an overall problem.