beholden
adjUK /bɪˈhəʊldən/ · CA, US /bɪˈhoʊldən/
Etymology From Middle English biholden (“beholden, obligated”), past participle of biholden (“to behold, look at”, modern behold), though that verb does not mean "to bind, obligate".
1
Usually, Followed by 'to' Obligated to provide, display, or do something for another; indebted, obliged for a bounden duty.
- From an early age, I had decided I wanted to be beholden to no one.
- But musical ancestry aside, the influence to which [Justin] Bieber is most beholden is the current trends in pop music, which means Believe is loaded up with EDM accouterments, seeking a comfortable middle ground where Bieber’s impressively refined pop-R&B croon can rub up on techno blasts and garish dubstep drops (and occasionally grind on some AutoTune, not necessarily because it needs it, but because a certain amount of robo-voice is expected these days).2012 June 26, Genevieve Koski, “Music: Reviews: Justin Bieber: Believe”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 06 Aug 2020:
1 more example
- There is much to dislike about the proposed constitution, which will keep elected governments beholden to a senate nominated by the junta and to a suite of meddling committees.2017 January 14, “Thailand's new king rejects the army's proposed constitution”, in The Economist:
- Derived terms
- beholdenness, unbeholden