This page gathers the 1,876 dictionary entries belonging to the domain “Microbiology”, as labelled by Wiktionary. Each word leads to its full entry: definitions, etymology, pronunciation, examples. Page 3 of 19: from “atroxase” to “buphanine”.
- atroxase noun An endopeptidase enzyme, found in the venom of the diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus atrox, that catalyzes the cleavage of His⁵-Leu…
- auracyanin noun Any of a group of copper-binding proteins present in the photosynthetic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus
- auricula noun A pronounced thickening at the corner of a trilete spore, beyond the end of the laesura.
- autoacetylation noun The intramolecular acetylation of histone acetyltransferase that functions as a control mechanism in gene expression
- autocide noun A substance produced by a bacterium that is fatal to that bacterium.
- autohydrolysis noun hydrolysis of a peptide or enzyme catalyzed by itself
- autoligation noun autocatalysis of the ligation of an enzyme
- autoprotease noun A protease that hydrolyses peptide bonds within its own molecule, typically releasing a specific amino acid sequence
- autoreceptor noun A receptor, situated in the terminal of a presynaptic nerve cell, that is sensitive to neurotransmitters released by the neuron in whose…
- autotaxin noun An ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase that catalyzes the conversion of lysophosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidic acid
- autotransporter noun A structural domain found in some bacterial outer membrane proteins.
- autoubiquitination noun Self-ubiquitination by a ubiquitinating enzyme, usually an E3 or E4 ubiquitin ligase. This activity can be direct, as in monoubiquitin of a…
- auxin noun A class of plant growth substance (often called phytohormones or plant hormones) which play an essential role in coordination of many…
- avidity noun The measure of the synergism of the strength of individual interactions between proteins.
- azaspiracid noun Any of several organic compounds with a complex polycyclic structure, that is responsible for the toxicity of some mussels (Mytilus edulis)
- azoalbumin noun albumin conjugated with an azo dye; it is used as a general substrate for proteases; degradation of the albumin liberates free dye into the…
- azocasein noun casein conjugated with an azo dye; it is used as a general substrate for proteolytic enzymes; degradation of the casein liberates free dye…
- azoprotein noun Any protein, coupled with another material via a diazo linkage, that is used in immunochemical procedures
- B virus noun A virus of the genus Simplexvirus that infects macaques and can very rarely cause zoonotic infection in humans that is highly fatal if…
- babesia noun Any of the hematozoa of the genus Babesia that invades the erythrocytes of living mammals, notably including cattle and humans, causing any…
- backtranslate verb To translate a protein's amino acid sequence to a nucleotide sequence
- bacteriocin noun Any of a class of antibiotic toxins, produced by some bacteria, that target closely related bacteria
- bacteriogram noun A test of how well bacteria grows in certain conditions
- bacteriography noun The art of creating pictures by growing bacteria and using a light mask to selectively sterilize regions.
- bacteriorhodopsin noun Any of several related purple photosynthetic proteins, found in halobacteria, that act as proton pumps
- balanophorin noun A waxy substance found in the stems of certain species of Langsdorffia in the family Balanophoraceae.
- bandshift assay noun A type of assay using gel electrophoresis, in which the mobility of a DNA or RNA probe alone is compared to its mobility in combination…
- barnase noun A small protein, produced by the bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and others, that has ribonuclease activity
- base noun A nucleotide's nucleobase in the context of a DNA or RNA biopolymer.
- basigin noun A protein encoded by the basigin (BSG) gene.
- beauvericin noun An enniatin depsipeptide with antibiotic and insecticidal effects, isolated from the fungus Beauveria bassiana.
- berberine noun Any of a class of alkaloid C₂₀H₁₉NO₅ originally obtained, as a bitter, yellow substance, from the root of the barberry, goldthread, and…
- bergapten noun 5-methoxypsoralen, a psoralen found in the essential oil of bergamot (where it is the cause of phototoxicity) and other citruses.
- beta barrel noun A large beta sheet that twists and coils to form a closed structure in which the first strand is hydrogen-bonded to the last.
- beta-amino acid noun Any amino acid that has the amino and carboxylic functional groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms; beta-alanine is the only one that…
- beta-carotene noun A plant pigment that is an isomer of carotene, found in dark green and dark yellow vegetables and fruits and important in the diet as a…
- beta-glucosidase noun A glucosidase enzyme, located on the brush border of the small intestine, that acts upon β1->4 bonds linking two glucose or…
- beta-lactamase noun An enzyme produced by certain bacteria, responsible for their resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin.
- beta-oxidation noun The catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the cytosol in prokaryotes and in the mitochondria in eukaryotes to…
- beta-peptide noun Any artificial peptide made from beta-amino acids; used in some antibiotics in an attempt to counter resistance.
- betathromboglobulin noun A protein stored in platelets that stimulates mitogenesis, extracellular matrix synthesis, glucose metabolism, and plasminogen activator…
- betulin noun A naturally-abundant triterpene, commonly isolated from the bark of birch trees, that can be converted to betulinic acid
- bicoid noun A protein, in Drosophila and related flies, specified by the bicoid gene, the concentration gradient of which serves to specify which end…
- bicyclase noun Any enzyme that catalyses two cyclization reactions (typically at both ends of a carotenoid such as lycopene)
- bicycle noun Two interconnected metabolic cycles.
- bifurcose noun A branched tetraose alpha-D-gluco-hexopyranosyl…
- biglycan noun A small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan which is found in a variety of extracellular matrix tissues, including bone, cartilage and tendon
- bile pigment noun Any of several bilins derived from porphyrin that are found in bile; principally bilirubin and biliverdin.
- bilicyanin noun A blue (or bluish) bile pigment found in gallstones and formed by oxidation of biliverdin or bilirubin.
- bilin noun Any of various biological pigments formed in many organisms as a metabolic product of certain porphyrins.
- bilirubin noun A bile pigment that is a product of the breakdown of the heme portion of hemoglobin (which occurs within macrophages as they digest red…
- biliverdin noun A green tetrapyrrolic bile pigment, a product of heme catabolism, responsible for the greenish color sometimes seen in bruises.
- bindin noun A protein involved in the process of sea urchin fertilization.
- bioanalyzer noun Any of various devices used to analyze the nucleic acids, proteins, sugars etc. of a biological sample
- bioapatite noun A form of calcium phosphate that is the major component in the mineralised part of vertebrate bone teeth, and in case of fish, scales.
- biocatalysis noun Catalysis using biological catalysts (especially enzymes, whether protein enzymes or RNA ones (ribozymes).
- biocatalyst noun A biochemical catalyst, such as an enzyme (either a protein enzyme or a ribozyme) or a biomolecular condensate that has biocatalytic…
- biocytin noun An organic compound having the chemical formula C₁₆H₂₈N₄O₄S, formed by covalent bonding between biotin and a lysine residue
- bioinorganic adj Describing the influence of inorganic compounds (especially metals) on biological processes, or the metabolism and biosynthesis of…
- biolytic adj Broken down by a biochemical process
- biometal noun Any metal that has a biochemical function.
- biomineralization noun The formation of hard mineral deposits within a living organism; especially the process whereby bone and similar structural material is…
- biomolecule noun Molecules, such as amino acids, sugars, nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, DNA, and RNA, that occur naturally in living organisms…
- bionucleophile noun A biochemical nucleophile.
- bioorganometallic adj Of or relating to the role of organometallic compounds in biological processes
- bioorthogonal adj Describing biochemical research techniques for selectively labelling biomolecules that are independent of the detailed structure of the…
- biophenolic adj Relating to biophenols
- biophotolysis noun The photolysis of a biochemical compound; but especially the production of hydrogen by the action of light on algae or any other organism.
- biophotoreactor noun A vessel, usually of glass, in which a biochemical product is manufactured by illumination of a colony of an organism such as algae.
- biopolymer noun Any macromolecule of a living organism that is formed from the polymerization of smaller entities; a polymer that occurs in a living…
- biopotency noun A measure of the ability of a material (such as a hormone or vitamin) to have a specified biochemical function
- bioreactor noun A vat or pressure vessel, containing microorganisms or biochemically active substances, used for biotechnological processes such as…
- bioreagent noun Any reagent (especially an enzyme) of biological origin
- bioreceptor noun Any compound, such as a protein, that binds to a particular specific compound when part of a biosensor
- bioremediation noun The use of biological organisms, usually microorganisms, to remove contaminants, especially from polluted water.
- biose noun Any carbohydrate having two carbon atoms; in reality - glycolaldehyde
- biosensor noun Any device that detects, records or transmits physiological data, especially data concerning the presence of chemical compounds (analytes)
- bioseparation noun The separation of the products of a biochemical reaction without damaging the organisms concerned
- biospecific adj Whose properties or activities vary according to the specific biological molecule that it interacts with.
- biosynthesis noun The synthesis of organic compounds within a living organism, especially the synthesis of large compounds from small ones.
- biotin noun A sulfur-containing member of the vitamin B complex, 5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid, found in…
- biotransformation noun The changes (both chemical and physical) that occur to a substance (especially a drug) by the actions of enzymes within an organism.
- bisindolylmaleimide noun A derivative of maleimide containing two indolyl sidechains; any derivative of this structure, many of which are biochemically active
- blot noun A method of transferring proteins, DNA or RNA, onto a carrier.
- blotto noun A reagent made from non-fat dry milk, phosphate buffered saline, and sodium azide, which is used to block protein binding sites for…
- boldenone undecylenate noun The undecylenate ester of the anabolic steroid boldenone, developed for veterinary use, mostly for treatment of horses.
- bonellin noun A green pigment found in Bonellia viridis with IUPAC name…
- bordetella noun Any of several gram-negative coccobacilli, of the genus Bordetella, many of which are pathogenic; especially Bordetella pertussis which…
- Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor noun Any of a family of eukaryotic proteinase inhibitors found mainly in the seeds of legumes and in cereal grains.
- bradavidin noun Any of a group of homotetrameric biotin-binding proteins found in bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium
- bradykinin noun A compound released in the blood in some circumstances which causes contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of blood vessels. It is a…
- brefeldin A noun A lactone antibiotic produced by fungal organisms such as Eupenicillium brefeldianum, inhibiting transport of proteins from ER to Golgi and…
- broad antigen noun In the testing of cell surface antigens, a serological specificity that is poor or broad relative to other specificities and can be defined…
- bromouridine noun Any bromo derivative of uridine, but especially 5-bromouridine, whose triphosphate is used to immunocytochemically label newly synthesized…
- BSG noun Protein symbol for basigin.
- Bt noun Bacillus thuringiensis, a species of bacteria used for biological control of insects.
- Bti noun Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, a type of bacterium used in the biological control of certain insects.
- bufadienolide noun Any of a class of toxic steroids present in some plants and secreted by some toads through the skin as a defense; sometimes present as a…
- bulgecinine noun A nonproteinogenic amino acid 2s,4s,5r-4-hydroxy-5- (hydroxymethyl)proline that is a component of bulgecins.
- buphanine noun An alkaloid extracted from Boophone disticha, but now shown not to be a chemical but to be a mixture.