hydronium
nounUK /haɪˈdɹəʊ.ni.əm/ · US /haɪˈdɹoʊ.ni.əm/
Etymology From hydro- + onium.
1
Chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, Natural sciences, Physical sciences Physical The hydrated hydrogen ion, H₃O⁺.
- The case of hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) is an example of this. In the gase^([sic]) phase, hydronium is a weak acid. The data in Table 3.10 indicates that bare hydronium ions have a higher electron affinity than most metal surfaces, so a bare hydronium ion should be neutralized when it absorbs on a bare metal surface. However, a hydrated hydronium ion is a stronger acid.1996, Richard I. Masel, Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces, Wiley, page 148:
- Acids are compounds that produce hydronium ions when mixed with water.[…]The hydronium ion is a very special ion because it is the defining particle of all acids.2006, Johanna Holm, Forgotten Chemistry: A Refresher Course, Barron's Educational Series, page 160:
2 more examples
- Hydronium is not a way of stabilizing an acid, because the structure itself is so quickly transient that it can be considered as not existing.2016, Philippe Deprez, Textbook of Chemical Peels: Superficial, Medium, and Deep Peels in Cosmetic Practice, 2nd edition, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 48:
- There is experimental evidence for the formation of coordination groups of hydroniums with several water molecules by hydrogen bridges.2016, Andrés G. Muñoz, Photoelectrochemical Solar Conversion Systems: Molecular and Electronic Aspects, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 206:
- Synonyms
- hydronium ion
- Derived terms
- hydronian
- Hypernyms
- oxonium
- Coordinate terms
- hydroxide, hydrogen ion